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Meiosis and Fertilization – Understanding How Genes Are Inherited
In this hands-on, minds-on activity, students use model chromosomes and answer analysis and discussion questions to learn about the processes of meiosis and fertilization.
Students first analyze how the processes of meiosis and fertilization result in the alternation between diploid and haploid cells in the human lifecycle. To learn how meiosis produces genetically diverse gametes, students analyze the results of crossing over and independent assortment.
As they model meiosis and fertilization, students follow the alleles of a human gene from the parents' body cells through gametes to zygotes.They learn how the outcomes of meiosis and fertilization can be represented in a Punnett square.
A final brief section contrasts sexual reproduction with asexual reproduction.
This activity can be used to introduce meiosis and fertilization or to review these processes.
(NGSS)
Download Student Handout: PDF format or Word format
Download Teacher Preparation Notes: PDF format or Word format
The Teacher Preparation Notes provide instructional suggestions and background information and explain how this activity is aligned with the Next Generation Science Standards. A remote-ready analysis and discussion version of the Student Handout is available at https://serendipstudio.org/exchange/bioactivities/meiosisRR. In the attachments below, we provide the older version of the Student Handout in case you have already made model chromosomes and do not want to change the symbols for the alleles of the genes.
Download Minds-On Activities for Teaching Biology
Introduction and Activities Listing
Intro and Biological Molecules
- Characteristics of Life
- Levels of Organization in Biology (NGSS)
- Introduction to Proteins and DNA (NGSS)
- Enzymes Help Us Digest Food (NGSS; hands-on)
- A Scientific Investigation – What types of food contain starch and protein? (NGSS; hands-on)
- Coronaviruses – Introduction (NGSS)
- Who Took Jerell’s iPod? -- An Organic Compound Mystery (hands-on)
- Is Yeast Alive? (hands-on)
- Macromolecules Jeopardy
Cell Structure and Function
- Cell Structure and Function – Major Concepts and Learning Activities
- Introduction to Cells (NGSS)
- Structure and Function of Cells, Organs and Organ Systems (NGSS)
- Why do some plants grow in odd shapes? (NGSS)
- Introduction to Osmosis (NGSS; hands-on)
- Cell Membrane Structure and Function (NGSS; hands-on)
- Cell Vocabulary Review Game
Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis
- Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis - Key Concepts and Activities
- How do organisms use energy? (NGSS)
- Using Models to Understand Cellular Respiration (NGSS)
- Using Models to Understand Photosynthesis (NGSS)
- Photosynthesis, Cellular Respiration and Plant Growth (NGSS; hands-on)
- Food, Energy and Body Weight (NGSS)
- How do muscles get the energy they need for athletic activity? (NGSS)
- Alcoholic Fermentation in Yeast – A Bioengineering Design Challenge (NGSS; hands-on)
- Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration (NGSS)
- Where does a tree’s mass come from? (NGSS)
- Photosynthesis Investigation (NGSS; hands-on)
Cell Division
- Mitosis and the Cell Cycle (NGSS; hands-on)
- Mitosis and the Cell Cycle (NGSS)
- Meiosis and Fertilization – Understanding How Genes Are Inherited (NGSS; hands-on)
- Understanding How Genes are Inherited via Meiosis and Fertilization (NGSS)
- Comparing Mitosis and Meiosis
- What causes melanoma and other types of cancer? (NGSS)
- Mistakes in Meiosis – Down Syndrome or Embryo Death (NGSS)
- Mitosis, Meiosis and Fertilization Vocabulary Review Game
Genetics
- Genetics Concepts and Activities (NGSS)
- Genetics (NGSS; hands-on)
- Genetics Intro – Family Members (NGSS)
- Genetics Sickle Cell Anemia and Trait (NGSS)
- Genetics Probability – Sex Ratios (NGSS)
- Mistake in copying DNA & Dwarfism (NGSS)
- Soap Opera Genetics (NGSS)
- Were the babies switched? The Genetics of Blood Types (NGSS; hands-on)
- Dragon Genetics I (hands-on)
- Dragon Genetics II (hands-on)
- Learning about Genetic Disorders
- Genetics Vocabulary Review Game
- Genetics Jeopardy
Molecular Biology
- Molecular Biology: Major Concepts and Learning Activities (NGSS)
- DNA (NGSS; hands-on)
- DNA Function, Structure and Replication (NGSS)
- How Genes Can Cause Disease - Introduction to Transcription and Translation (NGSS; hands-on)
- How Genes Can Cause Disease - Understanding Transcription and Translation (NGSS)
- UV, Mutations and DNA Repair (NGSS; hands-on)
- What types of mutations cause more vs. less severe muscular dystrophy? (NGSS)
- Cell Differentiation and Epigenetics (NGSS)
- Genetic Engineering Challenge – Preventing Vitamin A Deficiency (NGSS)
- Gene Editing with CRISPR-Cas – Potential Sickle Cell Anemia Cure (NGSS)
- Molecular Biology Vocabulary Review Game
Evolution
- Resources for Teaching and Learning about Evolution
- Evolution by Natural Selection (NGSS; hands-on)
- What is natural selection? (NGSS)
- Natural Selection and the Peppered Moth (NGSS)
- How have mutations and natural selection affected fur color in mice? (NGSS)
- How Whales Evolved (NGSS)
- How Eyes Evolved – Analyzing the Evidence (NGSS)
- How does evolution result in similarities and differences? (NGSS; hands-on)
- What is a species? (NGSS)
- Coronavirus Evolution and the COVID-19 Pandemic (NGSS)
- Evolution and Adaptations (NGSS)
Ecology
- Ecology Concepts and Learning Activities (NGSS)
- Exponential and Logistic Population Growth Models vs. Complex Reality (NGSS)
- Some Similarities between the Spread of Infectious Disease and Population Growth (NGSS; hands-on)
- Stability and Change in Biological Communities (NGSS)
- Food Webs, Energy Flow, Carbon Cycle and Trophic Pyramids (NGSS)
- Food Webs (NGSS)
- Carbon Cycles and Energy Flow through Ecosystems (NGSS)
- Trophic Pyramids (NGSS)
- Introduction to Global Warming (NGSS)
- Food and Climate Change – How can we feed a growing world population without increasing global warming? (NGSS)
- Resources for Teaching about Climate Change
- The Ecology of Lyme Disease (NGSS)
Human Physiology and Health
- Negative Feedback, Homeostasis, and Positive Feedback – Examples and Concepts (NGSS; hands-on)
- Homeostasis, Negative Feedback, and Positive Feedback (NGSS)
- How do we Sense the Flavors of Food? (NGSS; hands-on)
- COVID-19 Vaccines (NGSS)
- How to Reduce the Spread of COVID-19 (NGSS)
- Molecular and Evolutionary Biology of HIV/AIDS and Treatment (NGSS)
- Resources for Teaching Cancer Biology
- Carbohydrate Consumption, Athletics, Health – Using Science Process Skills
- Vitamins and Health – Why Experts Disagree
- Regulation of Human Heart Rate (hands-on)
- Should You Drink Sports Drinks? When? Why?
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Comments
September 2021 revision
The September 2021 revision improved the wording of some questions in the Student Handout and clarified some points in the Teacher Notes.
Ingrid
2021 revision
The main revision has been a change in the symbols for the alleles of the genes on the model chromosomes, to avoid confusion between lower case and capital letters (e.g., s and S). If you have already made model chromosomes and do not want to change the symbols, we provide the older version of the Student Handout for your convenience.
Ingrid
2018 revision
To enhance student understanding and retention of basic concepts, we have enhanced the graphical representations, clarified some of the verbal explanations, and revised many of the questions.
Answer Key
Hey I plan on teaching this on Monday, can you get the answer key to me by then?
Thanks, Aidan
Answer Key
Please see the Teacher Preparation Notes for much useful information, including the directions for requesting a copy of the key.
Ingrid
2017 revision
The Student Handout has been substantially revised to engage students in more active learning and clarify the instructions, questions and explanations. In addition we have sharpened the focus on how genes are inherited via meiosis and fertilization.
answer key
when will the answer key arrive? im planning on teaching this, and need to know how long it will take to plan accordingly. Thanks!
Keys
I am usually, but not always, able to send a key within 24-48 hours.
Ingrid Waldron
answer key
is there a answer key yet i'm in desperate need of it
Answer key available
Please see the Teacher Preparation Notes for much useful information, including the directions for requesting a copy of the key.
Ingrid
Answer Sheet
I cannot find the answer key. Where is it located?
Mr. Alexander
see below
Please see the comment below.
Biology
I can't find the answers to my lab
Answer key
i love the parket, it's very helpful but i'm unsure of some answer and i'm unable to locate and answer key. Where is it?
Answer Key
Please see page 5 of the Teacher Preparation Notes, available above.
Ingrid
November 2015 revision
Based on teacher feedback, the questions, explanations and figures in the Student Handout have been revised and reorganized for greater clarity and better focus on the most important concepts. In addition, we have developed a shorter and somewhat simplified version of the Student Handout which is appropriate for middle school and some high school students. The Teacher Preparation Notes have been revised for greater clarity and completeness.
Answer sheet
Hi,
I have been looking at your website and was thinking of doing this activity with my students, however I do not see a link to download the answersheet to the worksheet. Where could I find this?
I look forward to a prompt response.
Mrs. Farles
Answer Keys
I encourage you to read the Teacher Preparation Notes available at the link above. These Teacher Preparation Notes include information about how to get a copy of the key, instructional suggestions, background biology and learning goals, all of which I think will be helpful for you as you consider using this activity.
February 2015 revision of meiosis and fertilization activity
This meiosis and fertilization activity has been improved by:
We are grateful to the middle school and high school teachers who provided helpful suggestions for improvements.
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