Jean Baptiste Lamarck was a war hero, a botanist, a pioneer in the field of invertebrates, a writer, and a scholar. He died blind and impoverished in 1829, never having gained respect or popularity from the scientific community, and today is remembered only for having wrongly conceived of evolution. He was buried in a rented grave and five years later his remains were removed and lost forever. But his ideas will perhaps soon be at the forefront of a new evolutionary debate.