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Absolutely! In fact, there are several computational models of the brain. This field of study, a subsection of AI, is called neural networks. Basically these are models that attempt to imitate the individual neurons and the vast connections they form with each other (the network). The sort of learning the network does (supervised, unsupervised, reinforcement learning, etc.) depends on the algorithm that is chosen. Computational neuroscientists also use these models try to understand the mechanisms for neural processing and learning. Although these models are simplistic and are not able to completely model the very complex human brain, they do provide some insights into how the brain may function.

Glad you brought this up!

(I'm excited because I'm writing my thesis on this :) )